Fluid flow control devices



June 13, 1961 R. GlLMONT FLUID FLOW CONTROL DEVICES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 4, 1955 INVENTOR ROGER GILMONT 24 ATTORNE June 13, 1961 R. GILMONT 2,988,321

FLUID FLOW CONTROL DEVICES Filed April 4, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG] F/G. 6. g 76 k 75 76 20a.

INVENTOR ROGER GILMONT ATTO RNEY ijflltd States atent 2,988,321 FLUID FLOW CONTROL DEVICES Roger Gilmont, Douglaston, N.Y., assignor to Manostat Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New This invention is that of a valve for controlling the.)

flow of fluids, i.e. liquids or gases, that replaces theordi nary stop-cock, requires no gaskets and operates without the use of a lubricant. The valve of the invention operates much like a gate valve and at the same time provides the fine control of fluid flow obtained with a needle valve, and yet does not require pressure against a valve seat to close ofi flow of the fluid.

The ordinary stop-cock presents a number of disadvantages. Since it requires the use of a lubricant, there is always the problem of grease contamination. Then also, the difficulty with frozen stop-cock plugs and the concomitant danger of breakage, and the expense involved, is too well known. Moreover, its structure permits only limited control of flow.

These and other disadvantages are avoided by the valve of the invention. Considered broadly, this valve comprises a valve body of rigid plastic material that is resiliently yieldable and has a low coeflicient of friction enabling a rigid object to be moved across it without the intervention of a lubricant; a longitudinal bore, or fluid passage, extending through it from a fluid inlet or entry port to an exit or outlet port; a valve stem (or closing plunger) 'bore extending transversely into the longitudinal bore and terminating in a valve stem tip stop indent in the wall of the longitudinal bore and coaxial with the valve stem bore; a valve stem (or rigid plunger) carried in thevalve stem bore and adapted for axially longitudinal forward and retractable movement through it; and means for applying such motion to the valve stem. The valve stem and its bore advantageously are of circular cross-section for the stem to be rotated one way or the other to give it its forward or backward motion through the bore. The diameter of the valve stem or plunger is slightly greater than that of the bore, sufficient to permit the movement of the former through the latter. There: by the rigid valve stem or plunger, after completely cross ing. the longitudinal bore or fluid passage, closes the latter by pressure of the peripheral surface of the plunger against its intersection with the fluid passage.

The plastic material of the valve body is firm and rigid yet sufficiently resiliently yieldable to enable the just described pressure to develop between it and the plunger by the differences in diameter between the latter and the bore through which it is moved, and to return to its original form when the pressure is released. This plastic material has the indicated low coeflicient of friction in that it has a relatively smooth or slippery or wax-like surface. It is inert to water and many liquids and gases.

Presently, the most desirable plastic material for the valve -body is the molded tetrafluoroethylene resin or polymer (i.e. polymerized tetrafluoroethylene) described. in U.S. Patent 2,230,654 (Roy J. Plunkett) issued February 4, 1941 and commonly referred to by its trademark Teflon. Other molded polyethylene (substituted or unsubstituted) polymers or resins, for example, halogenoethylene resins as other fluoroethylene resins such as the polymer of trifluoroethylene chloride known by its trademark Kelef can be used, as well as an unsubstituted non-adhesive polyethylene polymer such as polyethyleneitself; or co-polymers of any of them, so long as they haveizithe-resiliently yieldable rigidity. to return'to the".

2,988,321 Patented June 13, 1961 ice and the sufiiciently low enough coeflicient of friction to enable the valve stem or plunger to be rotatably moved through the valve stem bore without the intervention of a lubricant and without catching or gripping. Thus, there can be used also the plastics that are impregnated with finely divided graphite or other inorganic lubricant such as copper powder, calcium fluoride, and molybdenum disulfide, or compatible mixtures of any of them, so long as the product taken is inert to the fluid that will be passed through the fluid passage of the valve body.

The Teflon molded tetrafluoroethylene resin has a wax-like feel and is odorless, tasteless, non-swelling, nonshrinkable and has no tendency to cold flow. It is inert to a wide variety of chemicals, for example, insoluble in, and unafiected by, hot or cold water, acetone, ether, petroleum ether, ethanol, iso-amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 1

.with chlorine or bromine or aqueous solutions of them,

and other gases such as hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide and trioxide, nitrous and nitric oxides, nitrogen dioxide,

and oxygen, and iodine vapor, and also ammonia.

The rigid valve stem can be of any suitable material, for example, glass (e.g. hard stem glass), synthetic ruby or sapphire, stainless steel, the same resin or plastic as the valve body, or hard rubber or other rigid plastic, in each case depending on its resistance to the fluid (gas or liquid) that is to be passed through the valve. It is advantageous for the valve stem or piston to be precision ground, and best within a tolerance of about two tenthousandths of an inch, and for the valve stem or piston bore to be reamed with a highly polished rod, preferably steel, and within the same tolerance. The outside diameter of the valve stem or piston should be from about one to five thousandths, and preferably between about one and two thousandths, of an inch greater than the inside diameter of the valve stem bore.

The invention is not restricted to the valve alone, but

,embraces also systems that include it, for example, its

original size'and shape after release of applied pressure combination in gas or liquid handling systems and devices such as macro-titration burets and micro-burets and other such liquid flow control devices. The various possible embodiments of the invention are equally suitably applicable to handling any fluid, either liquid, vapor or gas. However, since its greater use initially has been in liquid systems, for convenience the more detailed description below is made with relation to a liquid system.

The invention may be illustrated by, but not restricted to, the embodiments of it shown in the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 is an expanded view of one embodiment of the valve of the invention, in a form which permits its use in a fluid flow line as well as in a buret;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the valve shown in FIG. 1, assembled and connected with a micro-buret tube and buret p;

FIG. 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view of the valve and its connection as in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an expanded view showing a modification in the valve body of FIG. 1 with a boss adapted for insertion by friction fit into the lower end of a buret;

FIG. 5 is a side view of the assembled modification of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the assembly ofFIG. 5, showing the boss friction-fitted into the buret tube;

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to that of open-ended and having its own internal threads 24' and 25 respectively, extending to a little short of the bottom of the receivers.

Separate retainer nuts 28 and 29, encirclingliquidlines 30-and 31 respectively, are adaptedto be moved axially longitudinally along them, and restrained againstb'eing.

removed from them by the outwardly extending annular flanges 32 and'33 respectively. The outside diameter of these .flanges is such as to enable them to be inserted past threads 24 and 25 in, and to the bottoms of, the junction receivers. The portion of each of the retainer nuts 28"and 29nearer its flange has outside threads 34and 35 re spectively of dimensions to enable them to screw tightly into corresponding threads 24 and 25 in junction receivers 22 and 23. The other part of each of these two retainer nuts serves as their handles 36 and 37 respectively and advantageously is of somewhat larger outside diameter and-knurled on its outer peripheral surface.

Extending from a flat face 40 on one side of valve body 20 partially toward the longitudinal 'bore 21' is the hearing nut receiving hole 41 tapped with inside threads 42.

The valve stem holding and operating assembly 43 'includes a bearing nut or bushing 44 consisting of two parts advantageously of'different outer diameters. The smaller diametered part has outside threads 45 of sucl'i'rooc andcrest dimensions and pitch to screw snugly in remov ably engaging registery with inside threads 42 in bearing nut receiver 41. The larger diametered part conveniently has knurling 46 on its outer peripheral surface. A longitudinal bore runs axially throughbushing 44 and has inside threads 47in the larger diametered portion. The other portion of that bore hasmerely a smooth face and 'diameter advantageously somewhat slightly greater than that across the root of threads 47 Valvestem (or piston) 49 is frictionally fittedco-axially into'stem holder bore 50 in stem holder 51, with the conicallytipped'closing end'52 of stem 49 extendingoutwardly a short distance from an open end of the stem holder bore.

Except'for'the short annular flange 54"at itsendnear theexposed stem tip 52 and'a knurled turning head 55'at its other end, stem-holder-Sl-has alongits outer peripheral surface outside threads 56--of such-rot and crest diameters andpitch to enableit to thread in registry along the inside threads 47 in bushing.44-for axially longitudinal to and fro movement in relation to it. Valvestem :holder flange 54 has such outer diameter tobe. able to. pass axially longitudinally through the smooth ,inner bored end 48 of this bushing and to be stopped at the beginning of the inside threads 47 of bushing 44 at their junction with the smooth bore portion 48; The outside diameter ofk'nurled turning head 55 advantageously is less thanthat of the root of outside threads 56. A slot 57 runs diametrically across the outer end face of flange 54.

Valve stem holdingand operating assembly 43 is completed with hand wheel 60. Co-axially in the latter is located its bore'61having inside threads 62 of such root and crest diameters and pitch'to screw on in registry, and

hold in friction fit, along outside threads 56 of stem holder 51. Threads 62 may nm the entire depth of hand wheel bore 61, but preferably terminate'at a lesserdepth sufiicient toI-letstem holder 51 be thread-friction-fitted into them until the outer end surface of stem holder turning head.t55 contacts lthe bottom of bore 61;

From the'bottomof bearingtnut receiver holer-41, valve 4'. stern inlet 65 extends co-axially with it into liquid passage'or longitudinal bore 21 and" transversely to its'axis and aims diameterically oppositely across to valve stem stop indent 66 shaped to conform to the conical tip of valve stem 49. The latter need. not always terminate in a conical tip'but may end'entirely-flat across or in any othershape whose cross-sectiondoes not extendrbeyond theperipheral cross-section of valve stem 49. Valve stem 49 should be precision ground, advantageously to a tolerance of about two ten-.thousandths of an inch, and its outside diameter should be slightly greater than the inside diameter of valve stem inlet 65 and the diameter of the junction of stem stop. indent 66 with longitudinal bore 21, so as to give interference withinthe range from about one to five thousandths, and usually about three thousandths, of an'inchdifference in diameter.

The valveincludedin theinvention; insteadofserving' to control'liquid flow in a line in which flowing liquids are confined, can replace the usualstop-cock whichforms a part of a titration buret; Thus, theinvention'includes" such burets having in place of the stop-cock'a valve of the invention. One such buret'suitable'for micro-titration is illustrated by FIGURE 2. In it, the. outflowliquiddine 31ofthe embodiment of FIG. 1 is replaced by a buret tip 7 O'that terminates at its outer or lower end withga rela* tively fine drop outlet 71; The other liquid line'30 fitting into inlet port 22 of valve body 20 is'replaced'by a'burettube terminating'with the same type .of junction flange 32fand having the usual micro-buret volume graduationsv '7 2 along its length.

The invention embraces also another form ofburet used-for the ordinary m-acro-titrations, and including'the valve of the invention. This type of buret, exceptfor the difference in size of the graduated tube and possibly-also of the outlet tube, can have the same construction as shown in'FIG. 2. Onthe other hand, both buretscan have a diiferent type of connection between the graduate tube and, forexample', the inlet'port end of the valve body. Such modification is shown in FIGURES 4, 5 and 6.. There, in place ofinternally threaded inlet port 22 andthe junction 30 and flange 32 (of FIGURES l and 3), from the upper end of valve body 20a a cylindrical boss 75"extends upwardly, and over its outside surface, thereis .frictionally, fitted the lower end of the buret tube 76 (hearing the usual'volurne graduations 77).

The outside diameter of boss 75 should be sufficiently greaterithanthe inside diameter of the overlappingend' of'buret tube 76 to enable the two to overlap andto' prevent'fiuid leakage. It is advantageous for the outside" vertical surface of boss 75 to be coined with a precision reamed and polished tube of the necessary diameter, andto be from about one to about five, and preferably to about two, thousandths of an inch greater than theinside diameter of the bottom of the buret tube. Thus, theburet' tube can be of the readily available precisiontubingpre pared in known manner by shrinking on a' heated polished mandrel. The difference in inside diameter between boss 75land liquid passage 21 in valve body 20 is adjusted'by the inverted frusto-conical portion of valve body 20 connecting the interior of boss 75 with longitudinal passage 21' (FIGURE 6).

The. valve body modification; illustrated in FIGURE 7 permits selective connection of a liquid line by eith'er frictionfit over the outer surface of a boss'80 (similarly to; that described as to the modification shown in'FIG- URES 4, 5 and 6), or by inserting the outwardly ex= tending junction flange of a liquidline into, and'below theinside-threads 81-of, the boss 80, and then-screwingythe outside threads of-a'retainer nut in frictional .fit longitudinally along inside threads.-81-in boss 80' (similarly to that done with the modificationiin FIGURES; 1,. 2:and-3).

In the further modificationxof. the.-valve:;-shown.;in i FIGURE- 8; the =longitudinal..bore-ror liquid.kpassagarim-itm': valver bodyi 20c -has.-two;por tionst 0ne :portion:;212z

co-axially. from inlet port 'zza this inner end 85 at the point where it is shut off or opened by the moving- The" across it or away from it 'of'the valve stem 49a, inner end 86 of the other portion 21b of the longitudinal bore is offset from the inner end 85 of the first portion 21;: and is inclined so that its outer end at the outlet port 23a is co-axial withthe outer end of the portion" Such co-axiallocation of the 21a at the inlet port 22a. outer ends of the liquid passage may be helpful ordesirable in some instances, but may not be essential-inall cases. i

has a valve stem assembly anchoring boss 88 extending outwardly to one side of valvebody ltl'c'and co-axially with the valve stem inlet 65a and the valve stem stop holder 51a. The pressure provoked by the force fit attachment of hand-wheel 60a on'th'e outer portion 90 of stem holder 51a enhances the force fit of the portion' of the valve stem that extends into the outer portion 90 of stem holder 51a. i

Just as in the modification completely close off the inner 'end 85' of-portion 21a of the liquid passage, but can'be long enough to cover at least part of inner end 86 of the portion 21b of that" passage, when the outer face of the free end of stem holder 51a meetsthe bottom of the inside of boss 88.- 1 40 Outside threads 56a running along the outside cylindrical surface of stem holder 51a from its shoulder 92 to short of its inner end 'engage in registry" with inside threads 47a of corresponding root and crest diameters and pitch of the larger diametered portion '95 of bushing 44a. i The inside diameter of the smaller diametered portion of this lbushing 44a is slightly greater. than the crest diameter of the threads on the stem holder 51a. .Outwardly annular flange 54a at the free end of stemholder 51a has an intermediate outside diamfeter so thatasthe stem holder is withdrawn on turning the hand-wheel in the proper direction, flange 54a will clearfthe borein the smaller portion of bushing 44a and arrest the withdrawal on meeting the shoulder 96 at the junction of both portions of bearing bushing 44d. l

For-connecting the liquid confining lines running-to and from valve body c, each of them has one of" the outwardly flared junction portions 100 and 101 respectively, inserted through central openings 102 and103 in the tops of the engaging nuts 104and 1 05 respectively, and far enough for a separate one of split rings 107 and 108 to be slipped over each of thefl'arled-iunations 100 and 101. Nuts 104 and IDS are then'advanced over the split rings and the insidethreads 109and 110 of the nuts are screwed over outside threads 111 and 112"respectively, of corresponding root "and crest diameters I. and

pitch, on the opposite ends ll3 'arld ll4 "of'valve fbgdy 20c to draw the flared junctions 100 and 101 i'nt'o""re'- cesses 115 and 116 in it.

Instead of having at the inlet port the just described type of connection to the liquid confining line or conduit, this modification of the valve also can have an outwardly extending boss such as is described in relation to, and illustrated in, FIGURES 4 through 7, for insertion by Instead of the flat face 40 of theva'l e body 20 off FIGURES lthrough 6, the modification ofFIGURE 8 of FIGURES 1 through 6; the conically-ended closing extension 52a beyond the free end of stem holder 51a is of such length to'at least g friction fitintothe lower end of a buret tube or other liquidconduit.

When theliquid conduit connected to the inlet port by any of the indicated types of connection is a bul'et; tube, a buret tip is used as the liquid confining line or.

conduit connected to the outlet or exit port. It is also possible in this modification, as well as in any of the others, to replace the already indicated type of connection at the exit port to the buret tip especially, and even to any other liquid conduit, by a depending boss (considering the valve positioned for flow downwardly through it) to be inserted by friction fit into the topqof the buret tip or other liquid conduit.

The boss and friction fit insertion type of connectionhas already been found in gas lines to be operable without leakage at working pressures up to thirty pounds per square inch. For such results it is always advantageous for any glass line that is to be connected to such boss to be of the precision type and for the boss to be coined and'to have an outside diameter from about one to five thousandths of an inch greater than that of'the inside diameter of the glass tubing. i

While the various illustrated modifications show the opposite ends of the fluid passage of the valve as'coaxial with one another, that is not necessary in all cases, so long'as the proper relationship exists between the fluid passage and the valve closing stem and its inlet.

The method of assembly of the different parts of the:

valve may be obvious from the foregoing description of its various modifications. Briefly, the valve closing stem is removably but fixedly inserted by friction fit into the flangedend of the stem holder and with. sufiicient of the stem exposed to enable it to move axially longi tudinally through its: inlet in the valve body for its end to cross the liquid conduit and close it. The other end of the stein holder is inserted into the end of the anchoring bushing or hearing nut that has the outside threads and is screwed through it until a suflicient length of the outside threads on the stem holder are exposed at the other end of the bearing nut to enable the hand receiving it. The hand-wheel is rotated in one direction to direct the closing valve into its position to close off:

the liquid passage, and in the opposite direction to open' that passage.

When the 'valve needs to be disassembled, the reverse of'the above described procedure is followed. If thereis difliculty in loosening the stem holder from the bearing nut, a screw driver can be used in the slot in the outer end of the flanged end of the stem holder.

With the valve body of the Teflon polytetrafluoroi ethylene resin, the valve can handle fluids over a range of temperature from about minus one hundred up to five hundred degrees Fahrenheit.

" In some instances with liquids of too high viscosity when the depth of the plunger tip stop indent in the form shown in FIGURE 3 at 66 is too great, too much liquid may be entrapped in it by the tip of the plunger and thus present some resistance to adequate entry of that tip into the indent. This is relieved by reducing the depth of the indent to a minimum. It also is avoided completely by inclining at least the nearer wall of the lower part of the liquid passage to the base of the stop" indent as indicated by the broken line in FIGURE3.

Alternatively, the lower part of the liquid passage can be oflfset from the upper as shown inthe modification of Otl'sfi materials: already indicated. for them. The. other' parts of the valve can be made of any other. suitable" materiali For many :applicationsiofuthe: valve "theseother partsi can be:- mad'ez of any. suitable: rigid, noneyieldable plastimsuitable tori the. operating.- environment. in whichtl'ie va'lve is to' b'e used; No gaskets aresnecessary at anyof the connections tothe valve 'body.

The valve. of? theinvention' incorporated in. a buret provides-faster and more: accurate control of. the titrationrate andan extensive range of use embraoingxboth the ordinary macro-titration as well as micro-titration. The areaha'cross the liquid :flow passage'in thevalve; body, can be reduced at any suitable-or'desiredpoint in the progress of the titration by turningthe: hand-.wheelin theenecessary direction to: reduce the exit. flow rate: toa point where merely no more, or. even: less;. than a half turn of "the-hand-wheel will shut off the flow.

In the micro-burets now in use, for/fine micro-work in th'e range of five cubiccentimeters orxless, avery fine orifice tip-is required. No suchifine tip" is neededxwith the buret of the invention, for in it'withra valve" of the invention, a larger orifice (even one suitable. for macrotitration) can be used."

While the invention has been illustrated by; detailed description of.v certain'specific embodiments of it, it is understood that various suitable modifications and substitutionscan be made in;any of. them Within the scope of the appended claims which are intended :also toinclude equivalents of-anyof these specific embodiments;

What is'claimed is:

l A valveapplicable to effect the :flow of fluids, which valve comprises a valve body of rigid yet resiliently yieldable plastic material having a coeflicient of friction low-enough to enable repeated to andfro movement of a firmly held rigid object across it without the application of a film of lubricant between them, a fluid passage running through a such resiliently yieldable portion of thetvalve body and connecting at one of its ends with aninlet port and at the other with an outlet port, a rigidfluid'passage closing stem, an opening in an outer wall of'thebody intermediate the ports for anchoring. holding and operating means for said closing stem, a closing stem orifice connecting the anchoring opening and the-fluid passage and running througha resiliently yieldableportion of the valve body at an angle transverse'tothe axis of the passage, and holding and operating means for the-closing stem removably fitted into the anchoring opening, the closing stem being rigid and cylindrical and having such outside diameter relative to theinsiderdiameter of said orifice for said closing-stenrtobe heldz'in' fluid-tight and peripherally sliding engagement in said'. orifice-without a film of lubricant betweenthem andibe- 'ing capable'of peripherally sliding movement withoutany lubricant to and fro co-axially in said orificewh'ereby the inner end of the closingstem can'be moved-trans= verselyacross the fluid passage to block it simply by fluid-tight contact of the peripheral surfa'ceof the closingstem againstits transverse intersection with the fluid passage and thereby without deformation of the closing stern, shutoff fluid flow through said passage.

2. A valve as-claimed in claim 1, wherein the: valve body isa molded polyethyleneresin.

3; A valve as. claimed in claim 2, wherein the valve body is polyethylene.

4. A valve as' claimed in' claim 2, wherein the valve body isafluoroethylene resin.

5; Avalve as claimediinclairnx4, whereinlthe-val've body is ithe polyetetrafluoroethylene resin: known by: the trade-mark Teflon.

6; A. valvezass claimedv in claim. 1, wherein the-outside diameter of? the? cl'osinggstem is greater than. the; inside: diameterrof'theafluidipassage at leastatthelocation where.

the closing stemiintersects that passage.

7. A valve. as. claimed inclaim 6,.whereinthe outside diameter. of the valve sternexceeds the. inside diameter of. the intersection; of the. liquid. passage and the valve stem= orifice by; from aboutone to about five one-thousandths of-aninch'.

8.-A-valveas claimed in claim 1, wherein there is arecess in the wall of the valve body and which is connected withtheafluid. passage and positioned opposite its junction withathemlosingstem orifice and co-axial with theprolongation.-of.its axis, to.receive the. inner end of the closingstem. andihaving; such crossasectionas to give a fluid-tight fitwiththat end of the closing-stem.

9. For a valve applicableto effect thezflow of fluids,

a. valve body; comprising rigid yet resiliently yieldable plastic material havinga coefiicient of friction low enough to enable repeated to and fro movement ofa firmly held rigid object. across. it without the application of' any lubricant between them; aafluid passagerunning through a: such. resiliently yieldable portion of the valve body and connectingat; one of its. endswithan inlet .port and atfthe' otherwith an outlet port,,an opening in an outer wall. of-- the body intermediate the ports for anchoring holdingand operatinggmeans for. aclosing stem, a-closing stem orifice: connecting the anchoring opening and the fluid passage and running through a' resiliently yieldable portion'of. the-valve body at an angle-transverse to the axis of the passage, said orifice being; cylindrical and of such internal'diameter to receive a-rigid'and cylindrical'closingstemtin fluid-tight and sliding engagement and without any lubricant between saidstern and said' orifice" to allow theest'em to have slidingmovement without any lubricant to and-.fro'co-axially in said orifice whereby the inner. end-o theclosingstem can be moved transversely*across-the fluid passage to. blockit by fluid-tight contact: of: the? peripheral; surface of. the closing stem against its: transverse intersection with the fluid: passage and thereby,- withouh deformation of the closing. ,stem, shut otffiuid' flow through said'passage.

References -Cited in the file ofzthis patent- UNITED STATES PATENTS 351,828 Bushnell Nov. 2, 1886 1,895,636 McK'aig; Jan. 31, 1933' 2,181,059 Lee Nov. 21, 1939 2,250,517 Zblleis July 29, 1941 2,617,171 Kii'nmel Nov. 11, 1952' 2,661,019 Snyder Dec. 1', 1953 2,675,204 Johnson Apr. 13, 1954 2,805,040 Voss Sept. 3, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 361,262"- Fi'ance" of 1906 5273074 France of'192l 362,952? Great'Britain of 1931 451,745 Italy of 1949 OTHER REFERENCES "Teflon:Makes-ItsfiDebut"; Plastics Magazine; July 1946 (pp, 32-34, 9-7 ZiffeDavis: Chicago, Ill.

Industrial-Engineering; Chemistry Magazine; vol; 38-

1946 (pp. 871-877) (TP-l-ASS), American Chemical Society, .115516th1St. NW., Washington, DC.

P1111182- PhpenMagazine-of. Canada, December 1950. page 27. 

